So I will present to you some things related to the Adhan that will clear its primary issues. And I will also mention some conditions for a Mu’adhdhin (caller to prayer) that are very important. So let’s know the identity of the Adhan first.
Adhan and its identity
Adhan is to inform about the time of obligatory prayers in specific ways through particular words. [Al-Mausu’ah al-Fiqhiyyah, page 1268]
There are several vital points in the call to prayer. Such as: – Praise to Allah, witness to His existence and monotheism, witness that Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah, call to specific worship, call to goodness, etc.
Adhan, its words, and its methods
Adhan can be given in three methods. The first method is To say nineteen phrases in Adhan. In this regard, Abu Mahdhurah (R) reported; The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) taught him nineteen phrases in Adhan and seventeen phrases in Iqamah. Adhan’s phrases are: Allah is most great; (Four times). I testify that there is no god but Allah; (Two times). I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; (Two times). (Then again to say two times) I testify that there is no god but Allah; (Then again to say two times) I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Come to Salah; (Two times). Come to Salvation; (Two times). Allah is most great; (Two times). There is no god but Allah; (One time). [Sunan Abu Dawud, Hadith No. 502]
The second method is To say fifteen phrases in Adhan. Those 15 phrases are precisely like the first method of Adhan phrases. But only two times to say ‘I testify that there is no god but Allah’, and two times to say ‘I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.’ Because Abdullah bin Zaid (R) and Umar bin Al-Khattab (R) both learned fifteen phrases of Adhan from their dream.
In this regard,
Abdullah bin Zaid (R) said, “When the morning came, I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and informed him of what I had seen in the dream. He (peace be upon him) said, ‘It is a genuine dream If Allah wants. So get up along with Bilal (R) and begin to teach it what you saw, and he (Bilal) then should use it to call people to prayer, for he has a louder voice than you.’ So I got up along with Bilal (R) and began to teach it to him, and he used it in making the call to prayer.” [Sunan Abu Dawud, Hadith No. 499]
The third method is To say seventeen phrases in Adhan. Those 17 phrases are precisely like the first method of Adhan phrases. But only two times to say ‘Allah is most great’ at the beginning of the call to prayer. In this regard, Abu Mahdhura (R) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) taught him the call to prayer like this: “Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest. I testify that there is no god but Allah, I testify that there is no god but Allah… (at last).” [Sahih Muslim, Hadith No. 740]
Virtues of the call to prayer
Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him) said, “If the people knew the reward for the call to prayer and for standing in the first row (in congregational Salah) and found no other way to get that except by drawing lots, they would draw lots. And if they knew the reward of the Zuhr prayer (in the early moments of its stated time), they would race for it (go early), and if they knew the reward of Isha and Fajr (morning) prayers, would come to offer them even if they had to crawl.” [Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith No. 615]
Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) also said, “Allah reveals his mercy, and His angels pray for mercy upon the front rows, and the Mu’adhdhin will be forgiven as far as his voice reaches, and whatever hears him, wet or dry, will confirm what he says, and he will have a reward like that of those who pray with him.” [Sunan an-Nasa’i, Hadith No. 646]
The ruling of the call to prayer
Imams (Many leading Scholars of Islam) have different opinions about its ruling. One of them is that the call to prayer is Fard-Kifayah for more than one person. Fard-Kifayah is an obligatory deed; If some people out of more than one person do it, it will be enough for everyone. But if no one does it, everyone will be guilty.
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) has said about the call to prayer: “Return to your families and teach them (religious knowledge) and order them (to do good deeds) and offer your prayers in the way you saw me offering my prayers, and when the stated time for the prayer becomes due, then one of you should give the call to prayer, and the eldest of you should lead you in prayer.” [Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith No. 6008]
And in the case of only one person, the call to prayer is sunnah. In this regard, Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him) said, “Your Lord is pleased with a shepherd high in the mountains who calls the Adhan for the prayer and prays. Allah says: Look at this slave of Mine; he calls the Adhan and Iqamah for the prayer and fears Me. I have forgiven My slave and admitted him to Paradise.” [Sunan an-Nasa’i, Hadith No. 666]
After hearing the call to prayer, What is to say?
In this regard, Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him), “When you hear the (call to prayer of) Mu’adhdhin, repeat what he says, then invoke a blessing on me, for everyone who invokes a blessing on me will receive ten blessings from Allah; then beg from Allah al-Wasila for me, because it is a rank in Paradise fitting for only one of Allah’s servants, and I hope that I may be that one. So who beg al-Wasila for me, my intercession will become inevitable for him.” [Sahih Muslim, Hadith No. 747]
Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him) also said, “Whoever, after listening to the call to prayer, says, ‘O Allah! Lord of this perfect call and the established prayer, give Muhammad al-Wasila and illustriousness and resurrect him to the best and the highest place in Paradise that You promised him (of),’ my intercession will become inevitable for him on the Day of Resurrection.” [Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith No. 614]
Some conditions for a Mu’adhdhin
There are some conditions for a Mu’adhdhin, which you will find in the book of Al-Mausu’ah al-Fiqhiyyah, page 1288. These are:
Being a Muslim. Therefore, the Azan of a disbeliever is not acceptable because they do not believe in prayer. And giving them Azan is like a kind of mocks.
To be male. Therefore, the call of women will not be valid because their Azan calls for trial (Fitna).
Having a healthy brain. So the call to prayer of crazy men, drunk, and people like them is not acceptable.
Being an Adult. Of course, the boy who is close to the adult or the boy who can make the difference between good and evil, His azan will be allowable.
And Another condition that you will find in the other book of Fiqh. That is To give the call to prayer in the right pronunciation. So if someone makes a mistake in the word Azan or pronounces wrong on it, then the meaning of Azan changes, and it will cancel the call to prayer. [Haashiah Al-Rawd Al-Morbi, volume 1, page 448]
Our Dua
May Allah Ta’ala grant us all the grace to answer the Azan and perform the prayers on time. Ameen.
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